Nearly
every American has been impacted by cancer in some way, and many of
those patients are considering marijuana as a potential treatment.
Although the United States’ FDA has not approved Cannabis as a treatment for cancer,
it hasn’t stopped patients from asking their doctors about it. As
legal attitudes toward marijuana change in America, more and more people
are beginning to wonder about the potential of weed.
It’s no secret that cannabis has medicinal benefits, especially since the United States government patented medical marijuana in 2003. In this patent, the government discussed the antioxidant properties of cannabinoids,
as well as its active chemicals, and its benefits for patients
receiving chemotherapy, radiation therapy or any other treatments that
cause oxidative stress in the body.
To understand how Cannabis can impact cancer, let’s first start by understanding cancer.
A quick definition of cancer
The
first thing to know about cancer is that it is not actually a disease.
Instead, cancer is the name for a collection of diseases that include
abnormal cell growth. Cancer includes more than 100 varieties, caused
both by external factors and genetics. Common external causes of cancer
include viruses, carcinogens, and smoking. Genetic mutations can also
cause cancer. Since cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth and
the human body has over a trillion cells, cancer could occur anywhere.
Human
cells, similar to human people, grow old, get damaged and die. Then,
elsewhere, a growing cell divides to replace the damaged cell. When
cancer occurs, abnormal cells do not die, but the body continues to
create new cells – without ever receiving the signal to stop. The newer
cells will also carry that cancer, spreading it into surrounding
tissues. Many times this ends up being the immune system, where they are
able to form masses of tissue growths called tumors.
Because
of their nature, cancerous tumors always spread and invade nearby
tissues. They can be removed, but they will likely grow back. As it
grows back, sometimes parts of the tumor break off. These individual
cells then travel through the blood or lymph system to a different area
of the body, one where it can form new tumors. This is called
metastasis.
Every
tumor is not cancerous. Benign tumors do not spread, do not invade
nearby tissues, and will not grow back if removed. However, tumors in
the brain are life-threatening whether they are benign or cancerous.
Cancer symptoms
When
someone has cancer (or is receiving treatments for it), they often feel
dizzy or weak. They may also have these other symptoms, depending on
where the cancer is located, such as:
- Bloody stools or urine
- Tendency to bruise
- Changes in genitalia
- A cough that won’t go away
- Depression
- Problems breathing
- Difficult bowel movements
- Indigestion
- Fever
- Heartburn
- Lumps or swelling
- Night sweats
- Growths or spots that change color, size of shape
- Sores that won’t heal
- Unintended Weight loss or gain
- Unexplained bleeding or joint pain
Treating cancer
Treatment
for cancer takes a long time and is often quite costly. Patients
typically need multiple visits and have to complete treatments in
cycles. A biopsy might be necessary to determine the best approach.
Radiation: Applying
high doses of radiation is an effective way to kill or slow the process
of cancer cells. The treatment typically takes weeks before tumors
began to shrink. Killing cancer cells, however, can take months.
Radiation treatments are unfortunately quite risky because they often
also kill healthy cells, leaving patients exhausted.
Surgery: Removing
or reducing the size of tumors by surgery is sometimes an option. This
often helps reduce pain and pressure and can be done with minimally
invasive surgical techniques. Unfortunately, surgeons often remove
healthy tissue and lymph nodes as well.
Chemotherapy: Chemo
has been the most conventional cancer treatment since the 1940s.
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells and is also administered in
cycles. There are over 100 different drugs used for chemotherapy, and
more are being developed.
Hormones:
Hormones, either taken orally, as an injection or through surgical
methods, can slow, stop, reduce and prevent cancer. Hormones are also
used with other treatments to prevent cancer from returning. Hormone
therapy can cause diarrhea, nausea, and fatigue. It can also cause weak
bones as well as menstrual changes in women.
Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy
works by administrating living organisms that help stimulate the body’s
immune response. This treatment often causes flu-like symptoms.
Heat: Therapeutic
heat in the form of local hyperthermia is able to treat tumors by
destroying small areas of cells. Regional hyperthermia, which is also
known as whole-body hyperthermia, is often used with other treatments to
improve their results. Hyperthermia can be administered externally,
with a machine that sends high energy waves directly at the tumor, or
internally, using a thin needle that releases heat inserted into the
tumor.
Cannabinoids
are the chemicals responsible for the ‘drug-like’ effects of marijuana,
and the plant has plenty. There are more than 85 types of cannabinoids
in marijuana. Some of these cannabinoids have already been approved by
the FDA for treating the side effects of cancer therapies. Sythethisezed
versions of cannabinoids are found in Dronabinol and Nabilone/Cesamet.
These pills provide synthetic forms of THC and are used to treat the
vomiting and nausea associated with chemotherapy.
However, THC is not the only useful chemical in marijuana. These cannabinoids have proven benefits to cancer patients as well:
- CBC
- CBD
- CBDa
- CBG
- THC
- THCa
Cannabidiol,
commonly known as CBD, is the most known cannabinoids for medical users
because it relieves pain, decreases anxiety and lowers inflammation
without the psychoactive “high” of THC. Canada has even approved an
extract called Nabiximols/Sativex that contains both THC and CBD for
pain relief in those with advanced cancer and multiple sclerosis.
The
National Cancer Institute, a US government-sponsored agency, also
credit other cannabinoids with reducing inflammation, preventing cell
growth, preventing blood vessel growth (choking off a tumor’s blood
supply), relieving muscle spasms and fighting viruses. They also
acknowledged that inhaled marijuana improves a patient’s overall
well-being and mood.
Other
studies have supported marijuana’s role in reducing vomiting, providing
pain relief, stimulating appetite and improving the sleep of cancer
patients. Marijuana is also able to prevent the growth of certain
tumors.
Here are even more studies that the medical community must consider:
- Cannabinoids might be able to kill cancers cells while also protecting normal cells (1996)
- CBD administered with Chemo helps protect healthy cells and improves chemotherapy success(2003)
- Cannabinoids protect against inflammation in the colon, reducing the risk of colon cancer(2004)
- CBD selectively killed breast cancer cells while ignoring normal breast cells (2011)
- THC and JWH-015 (a receptor for cannabinoids) prevented tumor growth in the liver as well as abdominal fluid accumulation. It also decreased the viability of cancer cells in the liver. (2011)
- Bladder cancer rates are significantly decreased in marijuana users (2015)
These
studies are only the beginning. A newer finding revealed that receptors
for cannabinoids have been found throughout the body in the spinal
cord, brain, and nerve endings. This suggests that marijuana may play a
significant role in our immune system as well.
The
story of cancer and cannabis is far from over. More studies on the
effects of marijuana in the treatment of adult cancer are under way.
Topics include: using oral CBD to treat solid tumors, using THC/CBD oral
spray to treat recurrent glioblastoma, and using CBD to treat
graft-versus-host disease patients who’ve received stem cell
transplants.
Cannabis and cancer may be closer linked than we ever imagined.
The therapeutic help of Cannabis with Cancer symptoms
While
it remains largely tentative as to the therapeutic benefits of cannabis
and its efficacy in the treatment of cancer, one thing remains certain
and that is the efficacy of cannabis in extenuating the symptoms of
cancer and chemotherapy and its role in facilitating recovery from
cancer. Some of the many symptoms that are effectively managed by the
therapeutic effects of cannabis are as follows:
Combats
Rapid Weight reduction: Cannabis is effective in combating rapid weight
loss effects caused by cancer. It is quite pervasive to find people
with cancer condition having a serious challenge eating as they are
emotionally disturbed from the degenerative effects of the disease.
Furthermore patients that have undergone chemotherapy would also have to
endure discomforts that generally make it difficult to maintain a
healthy appetite. Marijuana is effective in overcoming these challenges
and restoring normal eating patterns that prevents weight reductions.
Cannabis is noted for increasing food cravings dramatically while
reducing sick feeling.
- Suggested Strain: Bubba Kush is a potent indica strain that is proven to have a profound impact in alleviating eating habits in cancer patients which counteracts rapid weight loss.
Mitigating
pain: Cannabis can drastically reduce the pain which is commonly
associated with the various phases of cancer.Cancer can cause serious
amounts of pain through in affected tissues, organs and bones as the
case may be and can become irrepressible by opioids after prolonged
usage. Cannabis has shown to be very beneficial and effective in
mitigating pain induced conditions in general and is particularly
efficient in reducing cancer pain. Animal studies have shown a
synergistic pain relief effect when cannabis is used with opioids.
- Suggested strains: ACDC is a high CBD hybrid for those who want to avoid the psychoactive effects of THC. Blackberry Kush is a THC-heavy indica strain that offers incredible therapeutic respite that alleviates the pain providing euphoria and physical relief. Often the high THC creates an ecstatic emotional state with analgesic impact.
Stimulates
sleep: Cancer is often closely connected with sleep deprivation which
usually exacerbates the condition further. It is common knowledge that
adequate rest is instrumental to recovery process and cannabis ensures
just that. Cannabis which has an abundance of THC is especially relevant
to induce sleep.
- Suggested Strains: Indicas are the most effective strain for inducing sleep especially when during chemotherapy treatment. Northern Lights is one of the best strains for sleep and another choice would be Afghan Kush, famous also for heavy, body-focused effects.
Mood
disorder: Cannabis is also effective in uplifting mood of cancer
patients and creating emotional balance. Investigations into cannabis
have shown that it has very profound impact in enhancing overall feeling
of happiness while considerably moderating anxiety and depression.
Cannabis is an effective anti-anxiety and antidepressant which helps to increase overall psychological health.
- Suggested Strains: Most of the strong Sativas are effective in the treatment of mood disorder. Super Silver Haze is famous strain with a strong citrus flavor, that revitalizes and invigorates happiness and creativity.
Counteracts
nausea: Cannabis is very effective in counteracting the nauseous
feeling which is provoked by chemotherapy. The efficacy of cannabis
against nause is remarkable and comparatively better than orthodox
medicine.
- Suggested Strains: Northern Lights is a potent Indica medicine against nausea and sour stomachs. Super Lemon Haze, with a lemon-flavor with serious antiemetic properties that will keep your head high and your stomach relaxed through the day.
Given
the aforementioned benefits of cannabis and its irrefutable relevance
and applicability in the treatment of cannabis it becomes imperative to
explore the most effective approach. It is common knowledge that people
suffering from cancer have vulnerable immune system which makes smoking
an inappropriate approach. However, the use of cannabis oil offers a
very viable alternative and is the most pervasive approach. Oral
ingestion offers a safer option as it eliminates all of the downsides
and concomitant effects that are associated with smoking such as
inhalation of harmful gases. Cannabis consumed orally enters the
bloodstream after being digested and can be incorporated into a variety
of delicacies making it a very convenient approach to ingesting
cannabis. Edibles come in many different forms and shapes like cakes,
drinks, bars, cookies, spreads etc. When selecting an edible, it is very
important to pay attention to the potency of the product. Cannabis oil
can be made with different blends of cannabis strains for different
desired effects. You can get creative with Cannabis oil and blend
different levels of THC and CBD
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